In Gramatika By Aleksandar

Do you know what Embedded questions are? Ugrađeni pitanja na engleskom jeziku

Na engleskom jeziku, kao i na ruskom, postoje prijedlozi da se sastoji od dva dijela. Prvi dio rečenice može biti:

  • Afirmacija
    • I know.
    • I’m sure.
  • Negacija
    • I don’t know.
    • I have no idea.
    • I didn’t hear.
  • To pitanje
    • Can you tell me?
    • Do you by any chance know?
    • Do you have any idea?

Na primjer:

Vi ne znate gdje je ona sada?

Ja ne znam gdje živi.

Znam točno zašto su jučer nije bio na poslu.

Drugi dio ovih prijedloga — pitanje je ugrađena u Embedded question Za razliku od konvencionalnih konstrukcija pitanje u ovom slučaju je direktna naredba riječ je očuvan, to je, prvo, «koji», a zatim «što». Idemo usporedbu:

  1. Where is the bank? – Where is the bank? – Gdje je banka?

    Can you tell where the bank is? – Can you tell where the bank is? – Možete li mi reći u kojoj banci?

  2. Why was she late? – Why was she late? – Zašto je to prekasno?

    I don’t know why she was late. – I don’t know why she was late. – Ne znam zašto je kasnila.

  3. Why are you laughing? – Why are you laughing? – Zašto se smeješ?

    I know why you are laughing. – I know why you are laughing. – Ja znam zašto se smejete.

  4. When will you arrive? – When will you arrive? – Kada dolaziš?

    Tell me when you will arrive. – Tell me when you will arrive. – Recite mi kad dođeš.

  5. Where have they gone? – Where have they gone? – Gdje su nestali?

    I have no idea where they have gone. – I have no idea where they have gone. – Nemam pojma gdje su otišli.

Zašto su ova pitanja su drugačiji od naših uobičajenih pitanja i nemaju obrnutim redoslijedom riječi, i usmjeriti? Pogledajmo značajke tih indirektnih pitanja na sljedećim Proposition:

I don’t know why she was late.

Imajte na umu da je glavni I don’t know — to nije upitne rečenice, i afirmativno. Stoga, drugi dio prijedloga može se smatrati samo uslovno pitanje. Evo, u stvari, ne postoji pitanje, mi ne tražimo i ne pokušavaju da nauče nešto, ali navodeći činjenicu — činjenicu da ja ne znam zašto je kasnila.

A sada pogledajmo ovaj primjer:

Can you tell where the bank is?

Kao što vidite, ovaj prijedlog je, kao da je ne dolazi u obzir u pitanje. To je, pitanje je koliko je prvi dio pitanja, i drugo, ali, kao što je već na prvo pitanje i, stoga, obrnuti redoslijed riječi, u drugom dijelu će biti direktno naređenje riječ.

Ugrađeni pitanja na engleskom jeziku. Video

Pogledajmo sada kako objasniti ovu temu Rebecca — jedan od nastavnika engvid.com

Ako je «ugrađen» u ovo pitanje jednostavan vremena Present Simple ili u prošlom vremenu Past Simple moramo ukloniti iz prijedloga oprema do does did što mi obično koriste u izgradnji pitanjima. Na primjer:

  1. Where do you usually have lunch? – Where do you usually have lunch? – Gdje se obično večerati?

    Can you tell me where you usually have lunch? – ručak? Can you tell me where you usually have lunch? – Can you tell me where you usually have lunch? – Možete li mi reći gdje obično imaju večeru?

  2. When does the football match start? – When does the football match start? – Kad počnete fudbalske utakmice?

    I don’t know when the football match starts. – počinje. I don’t know when the football match starts. – I don’t know when the football match starts. – Ne znam kada da započnu utakmicu.

  3. How often does he fix his car? – How often does he fix his car? – Koliko često se on popraviti svoj ​​automobil?

    Do you know how often he fixes his car? – automobil? Do you know how often he fixes his car? – Do you know how often he fixes his car? – Znate li koliko često on popravlja auto?

  4. Why did they argue yesterday? – Why did they argue yesterday? – Zašto su jučer svađali?

    I’m curious why they argued yesterday. – I’m curious why they argued yesterday. – Pitam se zašto su jučer svađali.

Ne zaboravite, kad mi ne koristimo pomoćne glagole does did u «ugrađeni» pitanja, moramo «povratak» na ​​kraju — s / — es ed da glagol kao što mi to radimo u potvrdan kazne.

A kako ćemo izgraditi pitanje u jednoj rečenici, ako mi nemamo upitne riječi when where why how how often kao i pitanje će početi s pomoćnim glagol? Is this house expensive? Do you like the weather? Did he call you yesterday? U ugrađeni u zajedničkim prostorijama umjesto upitne riječi koje se koriste riječi if / whether postoji razlika u značenju. U ruskom if / whether prevesti kao «Do»:

  1. Is she sick? – Is she sick? – Je li bolesna?

    Tell me if / whether she is sick. – Tell me if / whether she is sick. – Recite mi, ako je ona bolesna.

  2. Are there any vegetables in the fridge? – Are there any vegetables in the fridge? – Ima li povrće u frižideru?

    Can you tell me if / whether there are some vegetables in the fridge. – se neko povrće u frižideru. Can you tell me if / whether there are some vegetables in the fridge. – Can you tell me if / whether there are some vegetables in the fridge. – Možete li mi reći da li postoje povrće u frižideru?

  3. Do you work here? – Do you work here? – Radite li ovdje?

    Tell me if / whether you work here. – Tell me if / whether you work here. – Recite mi, radite ovdje.

  4. Did your neighbor get his mail last week? – Did your neighbor get his mail last week? – Vaš susjed dobio mail prošle nedelje?

    I’m not sure if / whether your neighbor got his mail last week. – susjed dobio mail prošle sedmice. I’m not sure if / whether your neighbor got his mail last week. – I’m not sure if / whether your neighbor got his mail last week. – Nisam siguran da li je vaš susjed dobio mail prošle sedmice.

  5. Will she cook spaghetti? – Will she cook spaghetti? – Ona će kuhati špagete?

    I don’t know if / whether she will cook spaghetti. – će kuhati špagete. I don’t know if / whether she will cook spaghetti. – I don’t know if / whether she will cook spaghetti. – Ne znam da li će ona kuhati špagete.

  6. Have you ever been abroad? – Have you ever been abroad? – Jeste li ikad bili u inostranstvu?

    I can’t remember if / whether you have ever been abroad – ikada bili u inostranstvu — Ne sjećam se da si ikad u inostranstvu.

Ako je prvi dio ugrađene u pitanju je u prošlom vremenu Past Simple onda je drugi dio pravilo će stupiti na snagu na slaganje vremena Sequence of tenses U ovom slučaju, mi ćemo koristiti istu «pomak» puta u Sequence of tenses U dodatnim dijelovima prijedloga ovog puta Present pretvaraju se u prošlosti Past budućem vremenu glagola will biti pretvorena u would i pored glagolskih vremena Past da usavrši Perfect U isto vrijeme sve značajke su ugrađeni pitanja: kako direktan riječ (prvo, «koji», a zatim «što»), dodajući riječi, ligamenti if / whether za opća pitanja.

Tabela obrazovanja pitanja u ugrađeni na engleskom jeziku

Za veće jasnoće, ja vam skrenuti pažnju na sljedećoj tablici:

↓ Preuzmite tablicu pitanja obrazovanja u ugrađenoj na engleskom jeziku (*.pdf, 183 KB)

Pitanje Transformacija materije
Present Simple
V / Vs

Nick: “ Where do you study? ”
Kate: “ Does she play the piano? ”

Past simple
V2

Nick asked where you studied.
Kate asked if / whether she played the piano.

Present Continuous
To be (am/is/are) + Ving

Nick: “ Where are you studying? ”
Kate: “ Is she playing the piano? ”

Past Continuous
To be (was/were) + Ving

Nick asked where you were studying.
Kate asked if / whether she was playing the piano.

Present Perfect
Have/has + V3

Nick: “ Where have you studied? ”
Kate: “ Has she played the piano? ”

Past Perfect
Had + V3

Nick asked where you had studied.
Kate asked if / whether she had played the piano.

Present Perfect Continuous
Have/has been + Ving

Nick: “ Where have you been studying? ”
Kate: “ Has she been playing the piano? ”

Past Perfect Continuous
Had been + Ving

Nick asked where you had been studying.
Kate asked if / whether she had been playing the piano.

Past Simple
V2

Nick: “ Where did you study? ”
Kate: “ Did she play the piano? ”

Past Perfect
Had + V3

Nick asked where you had studied.
Kate asked if / whether she had played the piano.

Past Continuous
To be (was/were) + Ving

Nick: “ Where were you studying? ”
Kate: “ Was she playing the piano? ”

Past Perfect Continuous
Had been + Ving

Nick asked where you had been studying.
Kate asked if / whether she had been playing the piano.

Will

Nick: “ Where will you study? ”
Kate: “ Will she play the piano? ”

Would

Nick asked where you would study.
Kate asked if / whether she would play the piano.

Skraćenice u tabeli:

  • V — glagol.
  • V2 — Drugi oblik glagola, ili glagol završava u — ed ako je to pravo glagol.
  • V3 — treći oblik glagola ili glagol završava u — ed ako je to pravo glagol.
  • Ving — glagol završava u — ing
  • Vs — oblik glagola u trećem licu jednine završavaju na — s / — es

A sada možete uzeti test da provjerite da li ste naučili u «Embed» pitanja:

 

Gramatika

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